journal of men's health
Volume 7, Issue 1 , Pages 92-101 , March 2010

Cardiometabolic disease in men: an integrative medicine approach to managing hormonal risk factors

  • Andrew Heyman, MD, MHSA

      Affiliations

    • Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author.
    • ,
  • Lena Edwards, MD

      Affiliations

    • Balance Health and Wellness Center, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
    • ,
  • James B. Lavalle, RPh, MS

      Affiliations

    • College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
    • ,
  • Sahar Swidan, PharmD

      Affiliations

    • College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA

Received 29 September 2009 ,Accepted 2 November 2009.

References 

  1. Lloyd-Jones D, Adams R, Carnethon M, De Simone G, Ferguson TB, Flegal K, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics – 2009 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 2009;119(3):e21–e181
  2. Masur K. Janus face of glucose and glucose-regulating hormones. In:  Masur K,  Thévenod F,  Zänker KS editor. Diabetes and Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence and Molecular Links. Frontiers in Diabetes. 19:Basel: Karger; 2008;p. 44–58
  3. Pi-Sunyer FX. The relation of adipose tissue to cardiometabolic risk. Clin Cornerstone. 2006;8(Suppl 4):S14–23
  4. Zanker KS. The epidemiologic relationship between diabetes and cancer. In:  Masur K,  Thévenod F,  Zänker KS editor. Diabetes and Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence and Molecular Links. Frontiers in Diabetes. 19:Basel: Karger; 2008;p. 85
  5. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the United States. Bethesda, MD: National Health Institute Survey; 2002.
  6. The Consortium of Academic Health Centers For Integrative Medicine (CAHCIM). Definition of Integrative Medicine. Developed and Adopted by The Consortium; May 2004. Edited May 2009. Available at: http://www.cybermed.it/mncnewspdf/Consortium.pdf.
  7. National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Available at: http://nccam.nih.gov/.
  8. Thevenod F. Pathophysiology of diabetes mellitus type 2: role of obesity, insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. In:  Masur K,  Thévenod F,  Zänker KS editor. Diabetes and Cancer: Epidemiologic Evidence and Molecular Links. Frontiers in Diabetes. 19:Basel: Karger; 2008;p. 2–3
  9. Pouliot MC, Després JR, Nadeau A, Moorjani S, Prud’Homme D, Lupien PJ, et al. Visceral obesity in men. Associations with glucose tolerance, plasma insulin, and lipoprotein levels. Diabetes. 1992;41:826–834
  10. Epel ES. Psychological and metabolic stress: a recipe for accelerated cellular aging? Hormones. 2009;8(1):7–22
  11. Parsons PA. The ecological stress theory of aging and hormesis: an energetic evolutionary model. Biogerontology. 2007;8:233–242
  12. Chrousos G, Gold P. The concepts of stress and stress system disorders. JAMA. 1992;267:1244–1252
  13. McEwen B. Protective and damaging effects of stress mediators. N Engl J Med. 1998;338:171–179
  14. Toussaint O, Michiels C, Raes M, Remacle J. Cellular aging and the importance of energetic factors. Exp Gerontol. 1995;30:1–22
  15. Dallman M, Pecoraro N, Akana S, La Fleur SE, Gomez F, Houshyar H, et al. Chronic stress and obesity: a new view of comfort food. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003;100:11696–11701
  16. Rebuffe-Scrive M, Walsh U, McEwen B, Rodin J. Effect of chronic stress and exogenous glucocorticoids on regional fat distribution and metabolism. Physiol Behav. 1992;52:583–590
  17. Pou KM, Massaro JM, Hoffman U, Vasan RS, Maurovich-Horvat P, Larson MG, et al. Visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes are cross-sectionally related to markers of inflammation and oxidative stress: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2007;116(11):1234–1241
  18. Fries E, Hesse J, Hellhammer J, Hellhammer DH. A new view on hypocortisolism. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2005;30(10):1010–1016
  19. Bower JE, Ganz PA, Aziz N, Olmstead R, Irwin MR, Cole SW. Inflammatory responses to psychological stress in fatigued breast cancer survivors: relationship to glucocorticoids. Brain, Behav Immun. 2007;21:251–258
  20. Maggi M, Schulman C, Quinton R, Langham S, Uhl-Hochgraeber K. The burden of testosterone deficiency syndrome in adult men: economic and quality of life impact. J Sex Med. 2007;4(Pt. 1):1056–1069
  21. Seidell JC, Björntorp P, Sjöström L, Kvist H, Sannerstedt R. Visceral fat accumulation in men is positively associated with insulin, glucose and C-peptide levels, but negatively with testosterone levels. Metabolism. 1990;39:897–901
  22. Couillard C, Gagnon J, Bergeron J, Leon AS, Rao DC, Skinner JS, et al. Contribution of body fatness and adipose tissue distribution to the age variation in plasma steroid hormone concentrations in men: the HERITAGE Family Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2000;85:1026–1031
  23. Snyder PJ, Peachey H, Hannoush P, Berlin JA, Loh L, Lenrow DA, et al. Effect of testosterone treatment on body composition and muscle strength in men over 65 years of age. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1999;84:2647–2653
  24. Alberti KG, Zimmet PZ. Dentition, diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus and its complications. Part 1: Diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus provisional report of a WHO consultation. Diabet Med. 1998;15:539–553
  25. American College of Endocrinology. Insulin resistance syndrome (Position Statement). Endocr Pract. 2003;9:240–252
  26. National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) final report. Circulation 2002; 106:3143–421.
  27. Reilly MP, Wolfe ML, Rhodes T, Girman C, Mehta N, Rader DJ. Measures of insulin resistance add incremental value to the clinical diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in association with coronary atherosclerosis. Circulation. 2004;110:803–809
  28. De Rooij SR, Dekker JM, Kozakova M, Mitrakou A, Melander O, Gabriel R, et al. Fasting insulin has a stronger association with an adverse cardiometabolic risk profile than insulin resistance: the RISC study. Eur J Endocrinol. 2006;161:223–230
  29. Posener JA, Schildkraut JJ, Samson JA, Schatzberg AF. Diurnal variation of plasma cortisol and homovanillic acid in healthy subjects. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 1996;21(1):33–38
  30. Yehuda R, Teicher MH, Trestman RL, Levengood RA, Siever LJ. Cortisol regulation in posttraumatic stress disorder and major depression: a chronobiological analysis. Biol Psychiatry. 1996;40:79–88
  31. Deuschle M, Schweiger U, Weber B, Gotthardt U, Korner A, Schmider J, et al. Diurnal activity and pulsatility of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal system in male depressed patients and healthy controls. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1997;82:234–238
  32. Nicolson NA, van Diest R. Salivary cortisol patterns in vital exhaustion. J. Psychosom Res. 2000;49:335–342
  33. Bjorntorp P. ‘Portal’ adipose tissue as a generator of risk factors for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Atherosclerosis. 1990;10:493–496
  34. Brindley DN, Rolland Y. Possible connections between stress, diabetes, obesity, hypertension and altered lipoprotein metabolism that may result in atherosclerosis. Clin Sci. 1989;77:453–461
  35. Sephton S, Sapolsky R, Kraemer H, Spiegel D. Diurnal cortisol rhythm as a predictor of breast cancer survival. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2000;92:994–1000
  36. Abercrombie HC, Thurow ME, Rosenkranz MA, Kalin NH, Davidson RJ. Cortisol variation in humans affects memory for emotionally-laden and neutral information. Behav Neurosci. 2003;117:505–516
  37. Gunnar MR, Vazquez DM. Low cortisol and flattening of expected daytime rhythm: potential indices of risk in human development. Dev Psychopathol. 2001;13(3):515–538
  38. Maggio M, Lauretani F, Ceda GP, Bandinelli S, Ling SM, Metter EJ, et al. Relationship between low levels of anabolic hormones and 6-year mortality in older men: the aging in the Chianti Area (InCHIANTI) study. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167:2249–2254
  39. Papanicolaou DA, Mullen N, Kyrou I, Nieman LK. Nighttime salivary cortisol: a useful test for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2002;87(10):4515–4521
  40. Arafah BM, Nishiyama FJ, Tlaygeh H, Hejal R. Measurement of salivary cortisol concentration in the assessment of adrenal function in critically ill subjects: a surrogate marker of the circulating free cortisol. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2007;92(8):2965–2971
  41. Tostain JL, Blanc F. Testosterone deficiency: a common, unrecognized syndrome. Nat Clin Pract. 2008;5(7):388–396
  42. Kelleher S, Conway AJ, Handelsman DJ. Blood testosterone threshold for androgen deficiency symptoms. J Clin Endorinol Metab. 2004;89:3813–3817
  43. Barqawa AB, Morgentaler A, O’Donnell C, Lynch J, Stone N, Crawford ED. Diurnal serum testosterone variation in aging men: Cross sectional analysis from a large national screening program reveals only a modest decline beginning in the mid-afternoon. American Urological Association Annual Meeting, Atlanta, GA; 2006.
  44. Miller KK, Rosner W, Lee H, Hier J, Sesmilo G, Schoenfeld D, et al. Measurement of free testosterone in normal women and women with androgen deficiency: comparison of methods. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2004;89:525–533
  45. The Endocrine Society. Testosterone therapy in adult men with androgen deficiency syndrome. J Clin Endocr Metab. 2006;91:1995–2010
  46. Smith AR, Shenvi SV, Widlansky M, Suh JH, Hagen TM. Lipoic acid as a potential therapy for chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. Curr Med Chem. 2004;11:1135–1146
  47. Ziegler D, Nowak H. Treatment of symptomatic diabetic polyneuropathy with the anti-oxidant lipoic acid: a meta-analysis. Diabet Med. 2004;21:114–121
  48. Jacob S, Ruus P, Herann R, Tritschler HJ, Maerker E, Renn W, et al. Oral administration of RAC-lipoic acid modulates insulin sensitivity in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a placebo controlled pilot trial. Free Radic Biol Med. 1999;27:309–314
  49. Thirunavukkarasu V, Anitha Nandhini AT, Anuradha CV. Lipoic acid improves glucose utilization and prevents protein glycation and AGE formation. Pharmazie. 2005;60:772–775
  50. Fernandes NO, Laghisbetty CV, Panda VS, Naik SR. An experimental evaluation of the antidiabetic and antilipidemic properties of a standardized Momordica charanta fruit extract. BMC Complement Altern Med. 2007;7:29
  51. Day C, Cartwright T. Hypoglycemic effect of Momordica charantia extracts. Planta Med. 1990;56:426–429
  52. Baldwa VS, Bhandari CM, Pangaria A, Goyal RK. Clinical trial in patients with diabetes mellitus of an insulin-like compound obtained from plant sources. Upsala Med Sci. 1977;82:39–41
  53. Kleefstra N, Houweling ST, Bakker SJ, Verhoeven S, Gans RO, Meyboom de Jon B, et al. Effect of chromium supplementation on glucose metabolism and lipids: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Diabetes Care. 2007;30:2154–2163
  54. Lau F, Bagchi M, Sen C, Bagchi D. Nutrigenomic basis of beneficial effects of chromium (III) on obesity and diabetes. Mol Cell BioChem. 2008;317:1–10
  55. Olsson EMG, von Scheele B, Panossian AG. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group study of the standardized extract of SHR-5 of the roots of Rhodiola rosea in the treatment of subjects with stress-related fatigue. Plant Med. 2009;75:105–112
  56. Komar VV, Kit SM, Sishchuk LV. Effect of Rhodiola rosea on human mental activity. Pharm J. 1981;36:62
  57. Choi Kwang-tae. Botanical characteristics, pharmacological effects and medicinal components of Korean Panax Ginseng C A Meyer. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2008;29(9):1009–1118
  58. Davydov M, Krikorian AD. Eleutherococcus senticosus (Rupr. & Maxim.) Maxim. (Araliaceae) as an adaptogen: a closer look. J Ethnopharmacol. 2000;72:345–393
  59. Berdyshev VV. Some specific effects of single doses of adaptogens. In:  Breckmann II editors. Valeology: Diagnois, Means and Practice in Health Care. International Collection of Scientific Papers, Issue 2. Vladivostok: Dalnauka; 1995;p. 105–117
  60. Yokogoshi H, Kobayashi M, Mochizuki M, Terashima T. Effect of theanine, r-glutamylethylamide, on brain monoamines and striatal dopamine release in conscious rats. Neurochem Res. 1998;23:667–673
  61. Kobayashi K, Nagato Y, Aoi N, Juneja LR, Kim M, Yamamoto T, et al. Effects of L-theanine on the release of alpha-brain waves in human volunteers. Nippon Nogeikagaku Kaishi. 1998;72:153–157
  62. Eschenauer G, Sweet BV. Pharmacology and therapeutic uses of theanine. Am J Health Sys Pharm. 2006;63(1):26–30
  63. Steptoe A, Gibson EL, Vounonvirta R, Williams ED, Hamer M, Rycroft JA, et al. The effects of tea on psychophysiological stress responsivity and post-stress recovery: a randomized double-blind trial. Psychopharmacology. 2007;190:81–89

PII: S1875-6867(09)00374-1

doi: 10.1016/j.jomh.2009.11.002

journal of men's health
Volume 7, Issue 1 , Pages 92-101 , March 2010

Article Tools